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GLOSSARY OF COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY SM3.02 PAGE 1 OF 10
This chapter explains a number of computer technical terms as they are
used in the Stock Charting System. It is not intended to be a complete
technical dictionary.
Batch File: A list of DOS commands that can be executed in turn with
just one single command. It is stored on disk with the filename
extension .BAT. For example the batch file SM3.BAT may load the
graphics print driver, change to the Stock Charting System's
program directory and run the Stock Charting System itself, all
with the single command SM3.
Catalog: A list of all securities known to the Stock Charting System and
displayed in the Stock Select screen. This information is
stored on disk in the file CATALOG.POR. The user can add his or
her own securities to the catalog, up to a maximum of 127 secur-
ities. A catalog requires 16,384 bytes of disk space.
Only one catalog can exist in a data directory, but you can use
any number of different data directories.
GLOSSARY OF COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY PAGE 2 OF 10
Command: A program or a batch file that can be executed by entering its
name from DOS. For example the command to run the Stock Chart-
ing System is SM3. It can run either the batch file SM3.BAT or
the program file SM3.EXE.
Files that are commands have the filename extension .COM or
.EXE. Batch files have the filename extension .BAT.
Default: A choice a computer program makes for you if you do not
explicitly make a choice. For example if you are asked to res-
pond Yes or No to a question, and you press the Esc (escape)
key instead, the computer will make a reasonable and conserva-
tive choice for you.
The default directory is the currently active directory, which
is the directory whose path name you see at the DOS prompt. For
example C:\SMPROG>. When a program is running, the default dir-
ectory is usually the directory that program is in.
GLOSSARY OF COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY PAGE 3 OF 10
Directory: In DOS, a list of the names of a group of related files that
are within the scope of a specific path. For example the Stock
Charting System's program files and user manual chapters are a
group of related files that exist in the program directory.
The name of this directory (the path) might be C:\SMPROG\ on
your hard disk.
The hundreds of files on a hard disk system need to be classi-
fied into different groups of related files, and each one of
these groups should have its own directory. For example all DOS
programs are usually grouped in a directory called C:\DOS\, and
all personal stock data could be grouped in another directory
called C:\MYSTOCKS\.
See also: File, Path, Sub-directory.
GLOSSARY OF COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY PAGE 4 OF 10
DOS: Disk Operating System. A group of programs that perform "house-
keeping" functions such as copying disks and files, formatting
disks, maintaining directories and paths and providing a organ-
ized link between the computer, its human operator and applica-
tion programs such as the Stock Charting System.
Disk Drive: The electro-mechanical device that stores data on a circular
disk. It records and plays back data in a way similar to a tape
recorder. A hard disk drive is usually sealed and the media is
not removeable. A floppy disk drive uses removeable media (the
floppy diskette).
Driver: a type of computer program that communicates with an input/out-
put device such as a video display, a printer or a disk drive.
GLOSSARY OF COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY PAGE 5 OF 10
Escape: This refers to the key labelled Esc on your keyboard. It is a
convention today in most software to allow use of the Escape key
to gracefully exit a situation you don't understand or don't
want to be in. Pressing Esc usually takes you back to a higher
level menu.
WARNING: DO NOT use the Enter key for this purpose. That key is
used to terminate entry of a specific data item such as a file
name or a stock price. Pressing Enter by itself in response to
a prompt may result in a default action being taken or a default
value being substituted, and usually has a different effect than
pressing Esc.
GLOSSARY OF COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY PAGE 6 OF 10
Extension: The part of a DOS file name after the period. For example
in the filename CATALOG.POR, the extension is POR. Certain
extensions have significance to DOS or other programs, for
example the extensions COM and EXE represent programs that can
be executed from DOS as commands. The extensions .DOC, .PRN
and .TXT usually represent human-readable text files and .WK1,
.WKS and .CAL are popular spreadsheet files.
Extensions used in the Stock Charting System are: .EXE for pro-
grams, .CTL for setup or control files, .HLP for HELP screens or
user manual chapters, .POR for the catalog file and .SMP for
price history files.
The extension is considered a part of the file name in determin-
its "uniqueness". For example SM3.BAT and SM3.EXE are two dif-
ferent files and may exist in the same directory.
GLOSSARY OF COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY PAGE 7 OF 10
File: A contiguous group of homogeneous data, stored as a named unit
on disk. For example the catalog is a file named CATALOG.POR.
A file can contain data and/or a program. For example the
startup program SM3.EXE is a file. The part of the file name
after the . is called the extension.
HELP screen: A chapter of the users manual that can be displayed
directly on the screen from the corresponding menu in the Stock
Charting System. That HELP screen pertains to the part of the
program you are using at the moment. A HELP screen can be
invoked from any menu by typing the H key. Most HELP screens
contain 5-8 "screenfulls" of information and the screen pages
are numbered in the upper right corner of the screen (for exam-
ple 5 of 8).
GLOSSARY OF COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY PAGE 8 OF 10
Path: The disk drive and/or sub-directory specification that leads to
a particular file in DOS. For example the path C:\SMPROG refers
to a sub-directory named PROG which is in the root directory on
disk drive C. The path C:\ refers to the root directory itself.
The root directory is analogous to the trunk of a tree.
The drive designator C: is not necessary if the path is on the
default drive (the drive that is currently active). Usually
the drive designator is needed for the data path only if data
is on a different drive from programs.
A sub-directory is analogous to a branch of a tree. Just as
tree branches can emanate from other branches, sub-directories
can be inside other sub-directories, for example \SM3\DATA.
Sub-directories and paths are needed on hard disks because they
can contain hundreds or even thousands of different files, which
would be difficult to manage in a single huge directory.
"Path" here is not related to the PATH command in DOS, which has
a similar function but a completely different scope.
GLOSSARY OF COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY PAGE 9 OF 10
Record: A group of data items which constitutes a part of a file. For